英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中容易出錯(cuò)的單詞有哪些(2)
英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中容易出錯(cuò)的單詞有哪些
9. congratulate
典型錯(cuò)誤：She congratulated them for what they had achieved.
正確表達(dá)：congratulate (祝賀、道賀)常與介詞on/upon連用。例：
We congratulated him on having passed the examination.
10. passed
典型錯(cuò)誤：I past my driving test.
正確表達(dá)：動(dòng)詞pass的一般過(guò)去時(shí)變化是規(guī)則的，即passed; 而past不是動(dòng)詞形式，可作形容詞、名詞、介詞和副詞。故應(yīng)將上句中的past改為passed。例：
I’ve been ill for the past two weeks.
The old man is living in the past. 這位老人現(xiàn)在生活在過(guò)去之中。
11. cross
典型錯(cuò)誤：The soldiers acrossed the bridge by means of ladders.
正確表達(dá)：作介詞或副詞的across不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，可將上句中的acrossed改為動(dòng)詞crossed或went across。
12. during
典型錯(cuò)誤：During you are away, I’ll be kind to him.
正確表達(dá)：during (在……內(nèi);在……時(shí)期中)是一介詞，故不能作關(guān)聯(lián)詞。上句須改為：While you are away, I’ll be kind to him. 例：
Not a word did they exchange during the meal.
13. between
典型錯(cuò)誤：You’re to sit between Tom and I.
正確表達(dá)：介詞between(在……之間)后的代詞應(yīng)用賓格，故上句應(yīng)改為：
You’re to sit between Tom and me.
14. more
典型錯(cuò)誤：My room is much more better than the one next door.
正確表達(dá)：上句中better已是形容詞比較級(jí)，故須去掉more。
15.upstairs
典型錯(cuò)誤：We go to upstairs to bed.
正確表達(dá)：作副詞時(shí)，upstairs及downstairs前不用介詞，上句應(yīng)改為：
We go upstairs to bed.
16. lately
典型錯(cuò)誤：He got here five minutes lately.
正確表達(dá)：lately是指“最近(recently)”,而late作副詞時(shí)是表示“晚;到很晚”，故上句應(yīng)改為：
He got here five minutes late.
Have you seen her lately?
△ 試比較以下含“形似意異”詞語(yǔ)的句子：
a. He works hard in school while his brother hardly ever reads a book.
在校他努力學(xué)習(xí)然而他弟弟幾乎不讀書(shū)。
b. Most of them, who were mostly friends of the manager, were saved in the fire.
他們中的大多數(shù)被從火災(zāi)中救了出來(lái)，他們主要是經(jīng)理的朋友。
c. Only when December draws near do I realize that it’s nearly Christmas.
只有當(dāng)十二月臨近我才意識(shí)到幾乎已是圣誕節(jié)了。
17. price
典型錯(cuò)誤：The owner charged an expensive price for his new flat.
正確表達(dá)：price常與high/reasonable/right/low 等連用，而expensive, cheap則常與表“物品”的名詞連用。例：
Loneliness is a high price to pay for independence in your old age.
孤寂是老年獨(dú)自生活要付出的高昂代價(jià)。
I can’t afford the car; it’s too expensive.
18. from place to place
典型錯(cuò)誤：Fishes in the ocean are carried from places to places by tides.
正確表達(dá)：英語(yǔ)中通常講究一個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu)原則：兩個(gè)相同的名詞放在一個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu)里，名詞一般用單數(shù)且前通常不加冠詞。例：
face to face(面對(duì)面)
hand in hand(手牽手)
side by side (并肩)
shoulder to shoulder(并肩、協(xié)力)neck and neck(賽馬等)并駕齊驅(qū)、不分上下day by day(指漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程)day after day(重復(fù)的單一的行動(dòng))
△ 但在諺語(yǔ)“以眼還眼 以牙還牙。”中則是：
an eye for an eye (and a tooth for a tooth)
19. key
典型錯(cuò)誤：The key of success is preparation.
正確表達(dá)：key作“最重要的事;答案、解釋、說(shuō)明等”解時(shí)，其后常與to連用，構(gòu)成the key to sth. 例：
Here is a key to the grammar exercises.
20. what
典型錯(cuò)誤：All what I am afraid of is their taking him to Paris.
正確表達(dá)：關(guān)系代詞型的what相當(dāng)于the thing(s) that (which)，其前不能再用先行詞。上句可改為：
All that I am afraid of is their taking him to Paris. 或
What I am afraid of is their taking him to Paris.