數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng)的種類

數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng)的種類

　　數(shù)據(jù)通信是通信技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)相結(jié)合而產(chǎn)生的一種新的通信方式。接下來(lái)小編為大家整理數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng)的種類，希望對(duì)你有幫助哦!

　　There are five basic types of data communication system:

　　Off-line data transmission is simply the use of a telephone or similar link to transmit data without involving a computer system.The equipment used at both ends of such a link is not part of a computer, or at least does not immediately make the data available for computer process, that is, the data when sent and/or received are 'off-line'. This type of data communication is relatively cheap and simple.

　　Remote batch is the term used for the way in which data communication technology is used geographically to separate the input and /or output of data from the computer on which they are processed in batch mode.

　　On-line data collection is the method of using communications technology to provide input data to a computer as such input arises-the data are then stored in the computer(say on a magnetic disk)and processed either at predetermined intervals or as required.

　　Enquiry-response systems provide, as the term suggests, the facility for a user to extract information from a computer.The enquiry facility is passive, that is, does not modify the information stored.The interrogation may be simple, for example, 'RETRIEVE THE RECORD FOR EMPLOYEE NUMBER 1234' or complex.Such systems may useterminals producing hard copy and /or visual displays.

　　Real-time systems are those in which information is made available to and processed by a computer system in a dynamic manner so that either the computer may cause action to be taken to influence events as they occur(for example as in a process control application)or human operators may be influenced by the accurate and up-to-date information stored in the computer, for example as in reservation systems.

　　有五種基本的數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng)：

　　脫機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸是簡(jiǎn)單地利用電話或類似的鏈路來(lái)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)，不包括計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。這樣一條鏈路兩端所使用的設(shè)備不是計(jì)算機(jī)的部件，或至少不是立刻把數(shù)據(jù)提供給計(jì)算機(jī)處理，即數(shù)據(jù)在發(fā)送或接收時(shí)是脫機(jī)的。這種數(shù)據(jù)通信相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較便宜和簡(jiǎn)單。

　　遠(yuǎn)程批處理一詞適用于這樣一種方法：采用數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)來(lái)使數(shù)據(jù)的輸入和輸出在地理上遠(yuǎn)離按批處理模式處理處理它們的計(jì)算機(jī)。

　　聯(lián)機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)收集指的是用數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)來(lái)向計(jì)算機(jī)即時(shí)提供剛產(chǎn)生的輸入數(shù)據(jù)這種方法。數(shù)據(jù)于是存儲(chǔ)在計(jì)算機(jī)里(比如磁盤(pán)上)，并按預(yù)定時(shí)間間隔或者根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行處理。

　　詢問(wèn)——應(yīng)答系統(tǒng)，顧名思義，是為用戶提供從計(jì)算機(jī)提取信息的功能。詢問(wèn)功能是被動(dòng)的。也就是說(shuō)，它不修改所存儲(chǔ)的信息。提問(wèn)可以很簡(jiǎn)單，例如："檢索雇員號(hào)碼為1234的記錄"也可以是復(fù)雜的。這類系統(tǒng)可能要使用能產(chǎn)生硬拷貝和(或)可視顯示的終端。

　　實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)是這樣一類系統(tǒng)，其中計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)是在動(dòng)態(tài)情況下取得和處理信息，以便可使計(jì)算機(jī)采取動(dòng)作來(lái)影響正在發(fā)生的事件(比如在過(guò)程控制應(yīng)用中)或者可通過(guò)存儲(chǔ)在計(jì)算機(jī)里的準(zhǔn)確且不斷更新的信息來(lái)影響人(操作員)，比如在預(yù)售系統(tǒng)中。