初二英語上冊知識點復習(3)
初二英語上冊知識點復習
but for將在虛擬語氣中詳講。
例：in general一般說來
in short簡言之
in other words換言之
in my opinion依我看
in simple words簡言之
on the whole基本上
for instance例如
for short簡稱
after all畢竟
above all首先
此外考試中常出現的成語前置詞也須牢記其用法。
by appearance從外表
by the aid of借…的幫助
by far…得多
by course of…照…常例
by reason of由于
by request應邀
by right of由于憑借
out of date過時
out of harmonywith與…不一致
out of harmonywith擺脫困境
out of bounds超出權限
out of proportionto與…不相稱
out of reach力量不及
out of one's wits不知所措
out of question沒問題
out of thequestion不可能的
to agreat extent很大程度上
to one's taste合…胃口
to one's thinking據…看來
to one's heart'scontent盡情地
to the utmost盡力
behind schedule不準時
behind the times過時的
behind the curtain在幕后
within reach能力所及
within ahair'sbreadth差-點
within astone'sthrow of在附近
beyond description無法形容
beyond reason毫無道理
beyond reproach無可指責
beyond one'sexpectation超出…范圍
beyond expression無法表達
ing型由于、鑒，除了，除外與包含。
之后，關于，在…方面，有關介詞須記全。
最后，英語中v.-ing分詞轉化而成的特殊介詞，更須注意，根據其語法功能，把它們同現在分詞，動名詞和連同區分開來。即：
respecting由于,鑒于;considering由于,鑒于;excepting除了;concerning關于;excepting for除外;excluding除外;without excepting sb.包含;including包括，包含;following在…之后;regarding關于;respecting在…方面;concerning有關;
例：considering由于;
Considering thattable salt is the commonest source of sodium in food,the diet usually calls foreating salt-free foods.由于食鹽是鈉在食物中普遍的來源，醫生給病人規定的，飲食通常要求吃無鹽食品。
respecting鑒于：
Respecting theheavy rain,we had to put off the match.
鑒于下大雨，我們不得不推遲了這場比賽。
excepting除了：
excepting可單獨使用，可以與always或否定詞not連用，也可以與for,without之類介詞連用。
Excepting one ofhis close friends,they were present at the party.
除了他的一個摯友外，他們都來赴宴了。
He is an honestman,excepting for his quick temper.
他是個老實人，只是("除了"脾氣暴躁。(同類比較except，加for異類記心間)。
Everybody is inhigh spirits,always excepting him.大家都情緒高昂，唯他"除外"(例外)。
Only afewsurvivors without excepting him were living in the settlement.
包括他在內，只有幾個幸存者住在新拓居地。
including包含：
The new apartmentconsists of three rooms including the kitchen.
這套公寓有三間，包括廚房。
following在…之后：相當于after The week following his first visit to thenewsroom he was appointed editor of the important column.在拜訪該報社編輯部的"第二個"星期，他放任命為該報重要專欄的主筆。
regarding關于：相當于about Regarding research investment and number ofresearchers engaged in this field of research,the an overwhelming positionfollowed by Japan."關于"投入該領域研究的投資額和研究人員的數量，美國占壓倒優勢，其次是日本。
respecting在…方面：
Respectingeducation,health,medical care as well as production and labor technologicaldevelopment will have to be evaluated with due thought given to social systemsand humanism."在"教育、衛生、生產勞動"方面",評價技術的發展需根據社會制度和人道主義。
concerning有關：
The following aresome of the arguments both pros and cons concerning computers,thinking,andartificial intelligence.下面是"有關"計算機、思維和人工智能方面持贊成和反對態度的一些論據。
當然，這些ing型的介詞，在句子中也有分詞、動名詞和連詞的語法功能。excluding和including，表示排除與包含。
Last year Britishsales to the region were more than billion,while French exports,excludingarms brought in around billion.去年，英國對這個地區的銷售額達80多億美元，而法國的出口額(武器除外)約為30億美元。
Stress may depletevitamin Cin your body,as can smoking,drinking and avariety of drugs,notexcepting aspirin.生活緊張會耗盡你體內的維生素C，正如吸煙、飲酒、服用某些藥物(包括阿斯匹林)一樣。