英語現在完成時怎樣何區分(2)
(二)現在完成時用法二2——持續性用法(肯定句，疑問句中謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞)：表示過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。此時常與“for +一段時間?或“since+過去的點時間或從句(從句用一般過去時)以及so far(到目前為止)等時間狀語連用。
for + 段時間
since +點時間
實例：
1)I've lived here since 1990.自從1990年以來我就住在這里。
= I've lived here since 13 years ago.
= I've lived here for 13 years.
= It is 13 years since I began to live here.
2)I haven't seen him for three years .我三年沒有看見他了。
= I haven't seen him since three years ago
= I haven't seen him since 2000.
= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.
3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city .
自從到這個城市以來，王先生一直在這家工廠工作。
4)She's been at this school since five years ago.
自從五年前以來她就在這個學校。
注意：①在這類句子的肯定句和疑問句中謂語動詞必須用延續性動詞。短暫性動詞由于動作不能持續，故不能與for(達到;累計)或since(自從。。。到現在)引出的時間狀語連用。
②對for和since引導的時間狀語提問要用How long
1) 他入團兩年了。
誤：He has joined the League for two years.
正：He has been a League member for two years.
2)我買這輛自行車三年了。
誤：I have bought this bike for three years.
正：I have had this bike for three years.
2) ▲部分短暫性動詞與之對應的延續性動詞：
短暫性動詞 延續性動詞
die → be dead
borrow → keep
buy/catch → have
get up → be up
come → be in
finish → be over
leaver → be away
open → be open
close → be closed
begin → be on
become interested in → be interested in
有人可能會問：一般過去時和現在完成時所表示的動作都發生在過去，那么這兩種時態有什么區別呢?
☆答：①一般過去時與具體的表示過去時間狀語如：yesterday連用;強調動作在過去發生，與現在無關。
②現在完成時與自已的特征詞連用，強調過去發生的動作對現在的影響或過去開始發生一直持續到現在的動作。
例： He saw the film last night. (過去時，表示他昨晚看過那部電影了，現在不知還要不要再看一次)
He has (ever) seen the film before.(現在\完成時，表時他已看過那部電影，現在不想再看了)
鞏固練習：
I.按要求轉換下列各句，每空一詞。
1、He has already finished his homework.(改為否定句)
He _______ finished his homework ________.
2.They have found the lost books already.(改為一般疑問句，并作否定回答)
______ they _______ the lost books _______?No，they________.
3.Julia has not got home from school yet.(改為肯定句)
Julia ______ _______ ________ home from school .
4.You have never been to Shanghai before，_________ _________ ?(改為反意疑問句)
5. He’s gone to Beijing, ______ ______?(改為反意疑問句)
6.Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999.(改為同義句)
Mr Wang _________ _________ English in this school since 1999.
7. He hasn’t left home for 3 days.(同義句)
He _____ ______ ______ home for 3 days.
8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (對劃線提問)
II.選擇正確答案。
( )1.—Who is Mary ?
—____?I saw you talking with her at the meeting .
A.Don't you meet her yet
B.Didn't you met her yet
C.Haven't you met her yet
D.Hadn't you met her yet
( )2.—How do you like Beijing ，Mr Black?
—Oh ，I ____ such a beautiful city .
A.don't visit
B.didn't visit
C.haven't visited
D.hadn't visited
( )3.The old people ____ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week.
A.don't feel
B.hasn't felt
C.haven't felt
D.didn't feel
( ) 4.We have lived here ____ five years ago.
A.when
B.since
C.before
D.after