常見的英語修辭
常見的英語修辭
修辭手法(figure of speech)修辭手法是通過修飾、調整語句，運用特定的表達形式以提高語言表達作用的方式和方法。修辭不僅僅在中文里很常見，在英文里也是多種多樣。這篇文章里，我們就來談一談英文中常見的修辭手法。
常見的英語修辭
1.simile明喻
A simile is a figure of speech in which two fundamentally unlike things are explicitly compared, usually in a phrase introduced by like or as.
明喻是常用as或like等詞將兩種不同事物通過比較而連接起來的一種修辭手法。
讓我們看幾個例子：
Good coffee is like friendship: rich and warm and strong.
好的咖啡如同友誼，豐厚，溫暖，熱烈。
Life is rather like opening a tin of sardines. We're all of us looking for the key.
人生就像一罐沙丁魚，我們大家都在找開啟的起子。
He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen from him to crow.
他這人就像一只驕傲的公雞，以為太陽升起是為了它的啼叫。
2.metaphor暗喻
A metaphor is a trope or figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common.
暗喻是將兩種有共同點的不同事物進行隱晦比較的修辭手法。
明喻與暗喻的不同點就在于是否有出現like或者as(像)這一類比喻詞，下面這幾個句子都是暗喻：
Humor is the shock absorber of life; it helps us take action.
幽默是生活的減震器,它可以鼓舞人們付諸于行動。
Time, you thief.
時間，你這個小偷。
But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.
可是我的心是孤獨的獵手，在孤獨的小山上狩獵。
3.personification擬人
Personifiation is a figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities.
擬人是一種為無生命或抽象物體賦予人類特質與能力的修辭手法。
Oreo: Milk’s favorite cookie.
奧利奧：牛奶最喜愛的曲奇。
The wind stood up and gave a shout.
大風凜冽,發出怒吼。
The only monster here is the gambling monster that has enslaved your mother! I call him Gamblor, and it's time to snatch your mother from his neon claws!
這里唯一的怪物就是賭博怪物，它將你母親淪為奴隸!我叫它賭棍，該把你母親從他的霓虹燈魔爪下救出來的時候了!
4.euphemism委婉語
Euphemism is the substitution of an inoffensive expression for one considered offensively explicit
委婉語是使用較委婉含蓄的語言替換強烈冒犯的話語。
這種修辭可能聽起來陌生，但在日常生活中的使用頻率其實很高。比如，老人去世的時候我們會采用“過世”、“走了”這一類的話語，這其實就是委婉語。英文里也有類似的用法，了解委婉語背后真正的含義對閱讀英語文章也是很有幫助的哦~下面我們就一起看幾個例子：
elder citizen老年人(不用old people)
pass away逝世(不用die)
You've got a prime figure.你的體態豐腴。(不用fat)
5.pun雙關語
A pun is a play on words, either on different senses of the same word or on the similar sense or sound of different words.
雙關語是指利用同詞不同義或是同音不同詞來制造文字游戲的一種修辭方式。
部分電視劇的幽默效果就是通過雙關語來實現的。
You earn your living and you urn your dead.
生前勞碌奔命，死后化灰入土。
(earn與urn(火化)同音異義，用在一起顯得俏皮，別有趣味。)
Seven days without water makes one weak.
七天不進水，人就會虛弱。
weak和week是同音異義詞。因此這句話聽起來可以理解為：
Seven days without water makes one week.
6.alliteration頭韻
Alliteration is the repetition of an initial consonant sound.
押頭韻是指重復單詞第一個輔音的修辭方式。
頭韻是英語語音修辭的一種，體現了語言的音樂美和整齊美。廣為熟知的一本名著《傲慢與偏見》(Pride and Prejudice)的書名就體現了頭韻。常見的例子還有：
first and foremost首先
with might and main 盡全力地
saints and sinners 圣人與罪人
in weal and (or) woe無論是福是禍
7.oxymoron矛盾修辭法
Oxymoron is a figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side.
矛盾修辭法是一種修辭手段，它是用兩種不相調和，甚至截然相反的詞語來形容一件事物。
這個定義是不是聽起來云里霧里的呢?讓我們先用中文的例子來理解一下~
寶玉道：“我呢?你們也替我想一個。”
寶釵笑道：“你的號早有了，無事忙三字恰當得很!”
上文的“無事忙”就是矛盾修辭法，“無事”和“忙”不就是兩種截然相反的狀態嗎?
再來看幾個英文例子：
We have to believe in free will. We have no choice.
我們只能相信自由意志，除此之外我們別無選擇。
His honour rooted in dishonour stood.
他那來源于不名譽的名譽依然如故。
8.hyperbole夸張
Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect; an extravagant statement.
夸張是對事物著意夸大的修辭方式。
我們在口語中常常會夸大自己的情緒，比如：
I was scared to death
我嚇死了。
男男女女在表達愛意的時候經常也很夸張：
You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars….
你是我的全世界，是我的月亮，我的星星……
英語考試作文常用句型 批駁
1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that...
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ...
7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...