托福聽力講座常見的四種開頭方式
講座是托福聽力考試的一部分，想答好這部分題目，考生提前對(duì)托福聽力講座做一些了解是很有必要的。下面小編為大家?guī)?lái)托福聽力講座常見的四種開頭方式一文，希望對(duì)大家托福備考有所幫助。更多精彩敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)啦 !
托福聽力講座常見的四種開頭方式
1、寒暄離題式
TPO2-Lecture2
Hi,everyone. Good to see you all today. Actually, I expected the population to be a lot lower today. It typically runs between 50 and 60 percent on the day the research paper is due. Um, I was hoping to have your exams back today, but, uh, the situation was that I went away for the weekend, and I was supposed to get in yesterday at five, and I expected to fully complete all the exams by midnight or so, which is the time that I usually go to bed, but my flight was delayed, and I ended up not getting in until one o'clock in the morning. Anyway, I," do my best to hove them finished by the next time we meet.
寒暄離題式的開頭方式比較符合中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化，先是客套一番，然后才進(jìn)入課程的主要內(nèi)容。
2、背景引入式
OG-test 2-L4
We've been looking at colossal statues—works of exceptionally huge size—and their essentially public role, in commemorating a political or religious figure. How some of these statues date back thousands of years... like the statues of the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt—which you can still visit today... and how others, though surviving only in legend, have fired the imagination of writers and artists right up to our own time, such as the Colossus of Rhodes, that 110-foot statue of the Greek god Helios. Remember, this same word, "colossus”一 which means a giant or larger-than-life-size statue—is what today’s term "colossal” derives from. Now, it was one thing to build such statues, at an equally colossal cost, when the funds were being allocated by ancient kings and pharaohs. But if we're going to think about modern-day colossal statues, we need to reexamine more closely their role as social and political symbols—in order to understand why a society today—a society of free, tax-paying citizens—would agree to allocate so much of its resources to erecting them.
背景引入式的開頭方式，是聽力講座，尤其是學(xué)術(shù)類講座的一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)。為了引出講座的主題，教授會(huì)在一開始的時(shí)候，先將一下相關(guān)的背景，循序漸進(jìn)地帶入。
背景引入式常見關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：
時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者過(guò)去式
3、課堂回顧
TPO1-L3
OK,we've been talking about early agriculture in the near east. So let's concentrate on one site and see what we can learn from it.
OK.In the last class, we started talking about useful plant fibers...Today well continue talking about useful fibers, and we'll begin with a fiber that's commonly known as "Manila hemp."
大家可以注意到加粗部分的內(nèi)容，是針對(duì)課程或者課堂內(nèi)容的回顧。課堂回顧是我們聽重點(diǎn)的一個(gè)提示而已，我們要關(guān)注的是后邊的內(nèi)容，也就是“本堂課”要注意的內(nèi)容。
課堂回顧式常見關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：
時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)上時(shí)或者是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
關(guān)鍵詞：in the last class, today, now, talk about, but.
4、直入主題式
TPO18-L1
OK,today we are going to start a study of sunspot today
Ok,now I want to talk about an animal that has a fascinating set of defense mechanisms.
直入主題的開頭方式，需要考生集中精力聽講座的內(nèi)容，不要錯(cuò)過(guò)聽力的有效信息。
直入主題式常見關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：
時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者將來(lái)時(shí)
直入主題式常見關(guān)鍵詞：now, want to talk about,
托福聽力：生活背景類詞匯
1、找房
-抱怨：dormitory①太小太臟②太吵③管的太嚴(yán);apartment①東西老壞②室友難處neat, considerate.
-找房難，不愿搬，抱怨多，怕漲價(jià)，減裝修
-房東landlord，租戶tenant
2、噪音
-室內(nèi)：調(diào)音turn down，隔音sound proof，沒意識(shí)到
-室外：airport, highway, traffic
3、空氣污染
-室內(nèi)：開窗，空氣窒息stuffy,卡住了window is stuck
-室外：沒辦法，抱怨多
4、裝修
-少花錢afford，新床new couch
-舊家具往哪放where do you want it to go?
5、修理
-什么壞了，找誰(shuí):管道工plumber, 水龍頭/管子漏leaky faucet/pipe, 下水道堵塞clogged drain, 燈泡bulb, 電線wiring, 電燈light , 電工electrician
-修理貴，修不如買：以舊換新trade it in
修理工的總稱：maintenance people, technician, repair person
6、高速路highway
-長(zhǎng)塞車be tied up/ backed up in traffic, traffic jam, rush hour.
-拐錯(cuò)彎：should have turned, miss the turn
-從哪兒出get out , exit
-違章：超速speeding, 闖紅燈go through the red light, 違章停車illegal parking, 停車場(chǎng)lot，罰單ticket, 交通隊(duì)traffic court
7、迷路，問(wèn)路
中南central south，左上角upper left hand，右下角lower right hand，沿著走 down, walk along. Off to
你去哪兒：where are you heading for
leaving for
8、外傷
-易受傷
-傷哪里:twist, strain, hurt, injure, shoulder, wrist, ankle, knee
-能不能動(dòng)
-原因：搬東西或鍛煉
9、看病
-癥狀:feel under the weather身體不適,catch a cold, have ringing in the ears , running nose, sneeze噴嚏。感染…病come down with, get a touch of, catch
-禁忌
-藥管不管用:藥起了作用it works/helps. It does good. It does the trick. It make difference.
藥片pill，劑量dosage，入院be admitted to hospital, 出院check out of/release from
醫(yī)務(wù)室infirmary,clinic. 藥房pharmacy,棉團(tuán)floss, 打針shots，抓藥fill
10、打工
-時(shí)間，工資，經(jīng)驗(yàn)
-職責(zé)，感受
11、借錢，還錢
-不愿借
-不想還
-(語(yǔ)氣)why
12、幫忙
-幫或不幫
-為何不幫
lack of
13、捎?xùn)|西 low on sth
-缺什么be short of
-要或不要，原因 run out of
14、搭車
-搭不上，聽原因:接sb. pick sb up, 下車到哪兒drop sb off at sw
15、等人
-等不著
-不想等
-why
托福聽力指路類話題常用語(yǔ)
be far from 距離某處很遠(yuǎn)
be nearby 距離某處很近
go straight across/to/through 徑直走過(guò)/向/過(guò)
cross (over) 穿過(guò)(某條街道)
be next to 緊鄰
turn left/right 左轉(zhuǎn)/右轉(zhuǎn)
go up/down 向上(北)/向下(南)
go back/back/back up 向回走
go east/west/south/north 向東/南/西/北
go on/along…till you meet…沿…一直走，直到…
be on sb’s left/right 在某人的左邊/右邊
be the first/second/third from the left/right 從左/右數(shù)第一/二/三個(gè)
directly opposite 和…相對(duì)
be located behind/in front of 坐落在…的前面/后面
be on the corner of A street and B street 在A和B街交匯的拐角處
be in the corner of 在…的角落里
ground floor (英)首層
wing 配樓/建筑的一部分
annex 配樓/建筑的附屬建筑
basement 地下室/第一層
step 臺(tái)階
wheel chair access 無(wú)臺(tái)階的/殘疾人用
aisle 過(guò)道
intersection/crossroad 十字路口
a fork on the road 分叉路口
a T road 丁字路口
intersection/crossroads/junction/clover-leaf 立交橋
托福聽力經(jīng)典場(chǎng)景詞匯
表示開夜車的詞組
stay up late/be up late/day in and day out/around the clock/burn the midnigh
t oil
表示忙的詞組
be up to one’s neck in work
get my hands full
表示替代的詞組
fill in for sb/fill sb’s shoes
表示提前的詞組
in advance/be ahead of time/before hand
表示冷靜的詞組
cool off/calm down/settle/soothe/pacify
表示內(nèi)向的詞組
keep one’s opinions/ideas to oneself
self-conscious,shy,keep to oneself,unsociable,uncommunicative,withdrawn
表示看法的詞組
think much(little/high) of
have no use for/have no taste for
It makes me uncomfortable to
表示同意的詞組
You can say that again.
You may well say so
You said it.
Well said.
I will say
So be it.
I see eye to eye with you.
And how.(降調(diào))
Right on.
By all means.
Go ahead.
I don’t wonder.
No/little wonder.
So does it.
As far as I know.(單獨(dú)使用)
No problem.
You are telling me.
Is ice cold?
Does a fish swim?
Does a bird fly?
I’m behind you.
I’m with you.
I’m for it.
表示不同意的詞組
You don’t say so.
So you say.
Says who.
Who says so?
That’s not saying very much.
And I do?
Are you kidding?
表示無(wú)法理解的詞組
beyond reach/imagination
above me
over my head
表示快的詞組
in (next to) no time,before long,on short notice,by and by,in a little while
,in a second/minute/little bit,any time,soon,quickly,immediately,shortly
表示耀眼的詞組
noticeable/eye-catching/catch one’s eyes/attract one’s attention/arresting/e
minent/easy to notice/marked
表示拜訪的詞組
drop by/in/over/around,stop by/in/over,run in,come over to,come by,call on,s tep in,go to have a look,pay a visit
表示完成的詞組
wrap up
be through with
be done with
get sth out of the way
put an end to sth
be finished
表示降價(jià)的詞組
half price/50% off/half off
discount/on sale/a big sale/good bargain
表示累的詞組
out of steam/worn out/run down/tired out/dog-tired
I’m beat.
I’m pooped.
表示我請(qǐng)客的詞組
Let me treat me.
It’s my treat.
It’s on me.
I’ll foot/pay the bill.
I want to pick up the pad.
表示錢平分的詞組
go Dutch
split the expense
咖啡場(chǎng)景
instant coffee,gourmet coffee
aroma,flavor
coffee pot,coffee spoon,coffee set,coffee service
snack
coffee-break
like to drink-how(milk,sugar,cream,blank,coffee,micro oven)
戒咖啡:caffeme:I am off caffeme.
沙灘場(chǎng)景
beach: swimming,suntan,lie there doing nothing,play sand volleyball
男生寢室臟情景
dirty,in a mass,messy,chaos,chaotic,mess up,make a mess of,vacuum cleaner
天氣場(chǎng)景
usually cool summer,cold,wool sweater,coat,down jacket
keep up,continue
hot,scorcher
downpour,snow,no end in sight,clear up
That makes it four days in a row.
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