托福閱讀題型：六選三題型該怎么做
托福閱讀考試最后一道題是文章小結題，大多數情況下為六選三的題目，要求考生通過閱讀，對全文內容有一個全面的了解，然后選出能夠表達文章主要內容的選項。從整體閱讀考試來看，很多考生到了這一題的時候，所剩時間不多，加之這類型題目又需要聯系全文并且總攬全局，所以這種類型題就成了大多數考生的軟肋，很多同學基本處于放棄的狀態。但是，作為備考，我們是不能先從心理上放棄某個題目的，所以還是應該在有限的備考時間中，爭取突破這類題目的瓶頸，爭取考試的時候一舉拿下文章小結題。那么我們應該怎樣備考呢?今天我們就來一起討論一下如何有效備考“六選三”閱讀題。
托福閱讀題型：六選三題型該怎么做?
俗話說，知己知彼，百戰不殆，所以我們先來看一下這類題目的答題要求
Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
通過閱讀 directions，我們得到以下信息：
有 3 個正確答案正確答案應該表達 the most important ideas錯誤選項有兩類：一是與原文不符的，二是原文中的細節信息分值 2 分
所以我們可以看出，這類題目要求我們在閱讀過程中，或者是在閱讀結束后，需要在頭腦中形成一個文章的整體框架，涵蓋整篇文章的主要觀點和信息。所以梳理關系，掌握框架成為解這道題目的關鍵。這里介紹一個非常好的解決辦法，就是朗播網主推的閱讀筆記法，在閱讀的時候，把主要觀點和關鍵信息記錄下來，同時梳理信息之間的關系，既可以幫助理解文章內容，也可以避免因為忘記主要觀點而不停地回讀文章，浪費大量時間，考生直接看筆記，就可以比較直觀地抓住文章的主要內容了。
大家可以先來看這樣一個例子：
If true, though, why did cold-blooded animals such as snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles survive the freezing winters and torrid summers? These animals are at the mercy of the climate to maintain a livable body temperature. It’s hard to understand why they would not be affected, whereas dinosaurs were left too crippled to cope, especially if, as some scientists believe, dinosaurs were warm-blooded. Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and advanced on the continents numerous times during the Mesozoic, so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier fluctuations but not with this one? Although initially appealing, the hypothesis of a simple climatic change related to sea levels is insufficient to explain all the data.
光看上面這段文字，只是單純的單詞和句子組合到一起，看完之后很有可能會忘記，如果問題中，特別是最后的六選三題目問到相關問題，很多同學都會進行重讀，不僅會花費很多時間，而且一緊張反倒讀不懂簡單的句子了，那么我們來看一下運用筆記法記出來的內容是什么樣子的呢：
通過上面的筆記，整段內容的框架就比較清楚了：文章向我們闡述了兩個問題，通過這兩個問題，得出來了一個結論。大家看一下，框架性是不是很強?所以，這樣不用重讀，大家也可以知道這部分的主要內容了。如果整篇文章都按照這樣一個方法記下來的話，還用愁忘記文章內容嗎?大家還不趕快學起來!
托福詞匯之閱讀核心詞匯
思考類動詞總結
Think/assume/conceive/conclude/expect/
determine/hold/judge/presume/reckon/see/
sense/suppose/comprehend/consider/deduce/
infer/deliberate/evaluate/examine/meditate/
mull/mull over/muse/ponder/rationalize/reason/
reflect/resolve/ruminate/speculate/
study/turn over/weigh/contemplate/convey
思考類名詞總結(觀點/概念/理論)
Notion/idea/view/concept/perception
perspective/observation/examination
witness/judgment/approach/hypothesis
impression/supposition/theory/thought
apprehension/comprehension/realization
consideration/interpretation/understanding
speculation/version/picture/inclination/ideology
支持類單詞總結
Support/maintain/insist/hold/uphold/agree/
accede/admit/consent/assent/verify/revel in/
glory in/believe in/dictate/celebrate/value
反對類單詞總結
Contradict/decline/disagree/dispute/dissent/
oppose/protest/refuse/abandon/neglect/
disapprove/condemn
核心的;主要的;基本的;內在的
essential/chief/crucial/core
fundamental/main/key/inborn
principal/elementary/primary
indispensable/central/vital
underlying/inherent/intrinsic/inborn
重要的;顯著的
important/valuable/substantial/big/considerable/
critical/crucial/decisive/earnest/exceptional/marked
meaningful/momentous/paramount/salient/significant/weighty
eminent/influential/outstanding/distinctive/esteemed/grand
honored/illustrious/leading/majestic/notable/powerful
prominent/remarkable/solid/superior/conspicuous
限制/阻撓
limit/confine/compress/decrease/lessen
narrow/bar/bind/cap/check/constraint/curb
impede/inhibit/obstruct/restrict/cramp
diminish/block/choke/frustrate/hamper
hinder/retard/stall/throttle/thwart
退步
decline/halt/repress/recession/cease/fall
減少
decrease/abate/curb/curtail/drop/ebb
evaporate/fade/lower/reduce/restrain/shrink
slacken/slump/subside/wane/diminish/subtract
增加/發展
increase/develop/enlarge/expand/grow/raise
advance/aggrandize/amplify/augment/boost/
broaden/enhance/enlarge/escalate/extend
further/heighten/inflate/magnify/mount
progress/proliferate/spread/swell/widen
托福詞匯積累之興趣愛好
hobby 業余愛好
play the guitar 彈吉他
play chess 下棋
long-distance running長跑
play bridge 打橋牌
collect stamps 集郵
play tennis 打網球
jogging 慢跑
sewing 縫紉
travelling 旅游
do some claysculptures 搞泥塑
與低碳生活有關的托福詞匯
低碳 Low-Carbon
低碳經濟 Low-Carbon Economy(LCE)
低碳生活 Low-Carbon Life
低碳旅游 Low-Carbon Tour
低碳城市化道路Low-Carbon urbanization way
碳 Carbon
二氧化碳 Carbon dioxide
二氧化碳排放 the output of the carbon dioxide
二氧化碳濃度Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide
碳減排Carbon emission reduction
碳排放標準 Standard for carbon dioxide emission
碳排放責任 Liability for carbon dioxide emission
越境碳污染 Trans-frontier carbon dioxide pollution
一氧化碳 Carbon monoxide
溫室氣體 Greenhouse gas(GHS)
溫室氣體排放 Greenhouse gas emission
溫室效應 Greenhouse effect
全球氣候變暖 Global warming
生物圈 Biosphere
大氣層 Atmosphere
大氣模型 Atmospheric models
空氣質量管理 Air quality management
大氣監測 Atmospheric monitoring
大氣修正 Atmospheric corrections
大氣層的化學成分Chemical composition of the atmosphere
臭氧層 Ozone layer
紫外線 Ultraviolet ray
紅外線 Infrared
環境 Environment
生態 Ecology
生態系統 Ecosystem
工業煙塵 Industrial fumes
環境核算 Environmental accounting
環境審計 Environmental auditing
環境健康影響評價 Environmental health impact assessment
環境影響 Environmental impact
環境影響評價 Environmental impact assessment
環境影響狀報告書 Environmental impact statement
環境指標 Environmental indicators
環境政策 Environmental policy
環境風險評估 Environmental risk assessment
可持續發展 Sustainable development
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