小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全及練習(xí)
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全及練習(xí)
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法對(duì)于即將參加升中考的小學(xué)生們來(lái)說(shuō)，是一個(gè)非常重要的知識(shí)，那么小學(xué)生們需要復(fù)習(xí)的小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法有那哪些呢?下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家整理的小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全及練習(xí)，希望大家喜歡!
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全及練習(xí)
一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________
二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹
【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。
2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。
3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成 1. be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。
2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如： We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化
1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。 否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑問(wèn)句：Be +主語(yǔ)+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句：主語(yǔ)+ don't( doesn't ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如： I don't like bread. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如： He doesn't often play.
一般疑問(wèn)句：Do( Does ) +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如： - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如： - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：How does your father go to work? 動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練
: 一、 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
. 三、按照要求改寫句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句) ___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ ____________________________
3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作肯定回答) _______________________________________________________ ____________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句) _______________________________________________________
五、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________
3. He likes play games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.
3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。
5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意 + be + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞ing?
但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為： 疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意 + be + 動(dòng)詞ing? 動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：
一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞： play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：
⑵疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式? 如：Who went to home yesterday?
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：
1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)
寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)(1)
一、 用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1. It was exciting. 否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑問(wèn)句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
2. All the students were very excited.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑問(wèn)句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
3. They were in his pocket.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑問(wèn)句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ Be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)(2)
一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday..
8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.
二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1. There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑問(wèn)句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
三、 中譯英
1.我的故事書剛才還在手表旁邊。 ___________________________________________________________
2.他們的外套上個(gè)禮拜放在臥室里了。 ___________________________________________________________
3.一會(huì)以前花園里有兩只小鳥(niǎo)。 ___________________________________________________________
行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)(1)
一、用行為動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.
2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.
3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.
4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.
6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.
7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.
8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.
二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑問(wèn)句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
2. Nancy went to school early.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑問(wèn)句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
3. We sang some English songs.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑問(wèn)句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)(2)
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
一、 用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. It _____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday.
Mr White ________ (go) to his office by car.
2. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.
3. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)
4. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do) 5. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.
6. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)
7. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water) 8. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.
9. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.
10.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)
二、中譯英
1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。 _________________________________________________________
2. 去年端午節(jié)我們沒(méi)去看了龍舟比賽。 _________________________________________________________
3. 他在音樂(lè)課上拉小提琴了嗎?不，沒(méi)有。 _________________________________________________________
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)匯總
【第一類】名詞類
1. 這些女老師們?cè)诟墒裁?
[誤] What are the woman teachers doing?
[正] What are the women teachers doing?
[析] 在英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)一名詞作定語(yǔ)修飾另一名詞(單數(shù))時(shí)，作定語(yǔ)的名詞一般要用其單數(shù)形式;但當(dāng)man, woman作定語(yǔ)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式men, women.
2. 房間里有多少人?
[誤] How many peoples are there in the room?
[正] How many people are there in the room?
[析] people作“人、人們”解時(shí)，是個(gè)集合名詞，其單復(fù)數(shù)同形。
3. 我想為我兒子買兩瓶牛奶。
[誤] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析] 表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時(shí)，常用“a / an或數(shù)詞+表量的可數(shù)名詞+ of + 不可數(shù)名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)，其中當(dāng)數(shù)詞大于1時(shí)，表量的可數(shù)名詞要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。
【第二類】動(dòng)詞類
4. 你妹妹通常什么時(shí)候去上學(xué)?
[誤] What time does your sister usually goes to school?
[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?
[析] 借助助動(dòng)詞do(或does)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句或否定句時(shí)，句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用其原形。
5. 琳達(dá)晚上經(jīng)常做作業(yè)，但今晚她在看電視。
[誤] Linda often do her homework in the evening, but this evening she watching TV.
[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening she is watching TV.
[析] 在初一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)階段，我們接觸到了兩種主要時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常和often, usually, sometimes 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子中，若主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用其第三人稱單數(shù)形式。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由be(am / is / are)+ving形式構(gòu)成。
6. 這雙鞋是紅色的。
[誤] This pair of shoes are red.
[正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析] 在shoes, trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成雙成對(duì)的衣物或工具名詞前用pair(表計(jì)量)修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來(lái)決定。
【第三類】代詞類
7. 這張票是她的，不是我的。
[誤] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.
[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.
[析] 物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。形容詞性物主代詞之后一定要接名詞，而名詞性物主代詞之后不需接任何詞。
8. 吳老師教我們英語(yǔ)。
[誤] Miss Wu teaches our English.
[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth..中的sb.作teach的賓語(yǔ)，因此當(dāng)sb.為人稱代詞時(shí)要用其賓格形式。
【第四類】介詞類
9. 你能找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案嗎?
[誤] Can you find the answer of this question?
[正] Can you find the answer to this question?
[析] 英語(yǔ)中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。
10. 格林先生星期六上午來(lái)這里。
[誤] Mr. Green will come here in Sunday evening.
[正] Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析] 表示在上午、下午等時(shí)，介詞要用in;而表示在具體的某天上午、下午時(shí)，介詞要用on.
11. 那個(gè)穿著紅裙子的小女孩是我們老師的女兒。
[誤] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[析] 用介詞表示“穿戴衣物”時(shí)，只能用in，其他介詞沒(méi)有此用法。
【第五類】副詞類
12. 莉莉，你為什么不回家呢?
[誤] Lily, why don’t you go to home?
[正] Lily, why don’t you go home?
[析] come, go 等后接here, there, home等地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)，地點(diǎn)副詞前不加to。
【第六類】連詞類
13. 我喜歡語(yǔ)文和英語(yǔ)，但我不喜歡體育和歷史。
[誤] I like Chinese and English, but I don’t like P.E. and history.
[正] I like Chinese and English, but I don’t like P.E. or history.
[析] 在肯定句中并列成分之間用and來(lái)連接;而在否定句中，并列成分之間的連接需用or。
【第七類】冠詞類
[誤] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.
[正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.
[析] 1.表示“……一家人”用結(jié)構(gòu)“the + 姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”;
2.our 一詞的第一個(gè)字母不發(fā)音，它是以元音音素開(kāi)頭的，所以“一小時(shí)”要用 an hour;
3.用介詞by表示“乘坐”某種交通工具時(shí)，交通工具名詞前不加任何冠詞。
【第八類】句法類
15. ――你不是學(xué)生嗎? ――不，我是學(xué)生。
[誤] ――Aren’t you a student? ――No， I am.
[正] ――Aren’t you a student? ――Yes， I am.
[析] 對(duì)否定疑問(wèn)句的回答是用Yes還是用No，這取決于實(shí)際情況：如果事實(shí)是肯定的，就用Yes表“不”;如果事實(shí)是否定的，就用No表“是的”。
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